Name: 
 

Biol 1407 Final Review


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 
Which of the following terms applies to the functioning of the human body?
a.
cytology
b.
anatomy
c.
psychology
d.
physiology
e.
endocrinology
 

2. 
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of organization in the human body?
a.
cellsbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030000.jpgtissuesbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030001.jpgorgan systemsbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030002.jpgorgans
b.
cellsbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030003.jpgtissuesbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030004.jpgorgansbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030005.jpgorgan systems
c.
tissuesbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030006.jpgcellsbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030007.jpgorgansbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030008.jpgorgan systems
d.
tissuesbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030009.jpgorgansbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030010.jpgcellsbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0030011.jpgorgan systems
 

3. 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
Tissues are composed of cells with similar structures but different functions.
b.
There are four major types of tissues found in animals.
c.
Tissues exhibit division of labor.
d.
Tissues are organized to form organs.
e.
All of these are true.
 

4. 
The tissue that lines all internal surfaces is
a.
epithelium.
b.
loose connective.
c.
supportive connective.
d.
fibrous.
e.
adipose.
 

5. 
Which of the following is NOT defined as connective tissue?
a.
bone
b.
skeletal muscle
c.
cartilage
d.
collagen
e.
blood
 

6. 
What type of tissue is blood?
a.
epithelial
b.
muscular
c.
connective
d.
adipose
e.
noncellular fluid
 

7. 
The respiratory system interacts with the digestive system in the role of
a.
supplying oxygen for metabolism of nutrients.
b.
carrying away carbon dioxide.
c.
providing nitrogen for protein synthesis.
d.
supplying oxygen for metabolism of nutrients and carrying away carbon dioxide.
e.
supplying oxygen for metabolism of nutrients, carrying away carbon dioxide, and providing nitrogen for protein synthesis.
 

8. 
Chewing
a.
breaks food down into smaller pieces.
b.
physically and mechanically breaks up the food.
c.
increases the surface area of food exposed to digestive enzymes.
d.
actually mixes some enzymes with the food.
e.
all of these
 

9. 
Animals without teeth, such as earthworms and birds, have an organ that accomplishes the same action as teeth. What is it?
a.
beak
b.
pharynx
c.
gizzard
d.
cloaca
e.
dentine
 

10. 
Which of the following organs of the digestive system is different from the other four because it does NOT produce any secretions that aid in the digestive process?
a.
stomach
b.
liver
c.
esophagus
d.
pancreas
e.
salivary gland
 

11. 
High stomach acidity
a.
creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion.
b.
promotes emulsification of fats.
c.
favors protein digestion.
d.
blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers.
e.
converts lipases into their active forms.
 

12. 
The first part of the small intestine is the
a.
duodenum.
b.
ileum.
c.
colon.
d.
cecum.
e.
jejunum.
 

13. 
Bile
a.
has no effect on digestion.
b.
helps in the digestion of fats.
c.
helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
d.
helps in the digestion of proteins.
e.
helps in the digestion of both carbohydrates and proteins.
 

14. 
Which of the following layers lies next to the lumen of the intestinal tract?
a.
longitudinal muscles
b.
circular muscle layer
c.
submucosa
d.
mucosa
e.
serosa
 

15. 
Extracellular fluid includes
a.
interstitial fluid.
b.
blood.
c.
lymph.
d.
blood and lymph, only.
e.
interstitial fluid, blood, and lymph.
 

16. 
The most abundant waste product of metabolism is
a.
carbon dioxide.
b.
ammonia.
c.
urea.
d.
uric acid.
e.
water.
 

17. 
The tube leading from each kidney to the bladder is the
a.
glomerulus.
b.
ureter.
c.
urethra.
d.
bladder.
e.
rectum.
 

18. 
Which of the following is the last structure that urine passes through?
a.
distal tubule
b.
urethra
c.
urinary bladder
d.
ureter
e.
loop of Henle
 

19. 
The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called a
a.
glomerulus.
b.
loop of Henle.
c.
nephron.
d.
ureter.
e.
all of these
 

20. 
Filtration occurs in which section of mammalian nephrons?
a.
glomerulus
b.
loop of Henle
c.
proximal tubules
d.
distal tubules
e.
peritubular capillaries
 

21. 
Which of the following substances is NOT filtered from the bloodstream?
a.
water
b.
plasma proteins
c.
urea
d.
glucose
e.
sodium
 

22. 
Which of the following pairs (animal/type of excretory product) is mismatched?
a.
fish/ammonia
b.
human/urea
c.
bird/uric acid
d.
snake/ammonia
e.
frog/urea
 

23. 
One advantage of urea excretion over uric acid excretion is that urea
a.
requires less energy to form
b.
can be concentrated to a greater extent
c.
is not as toxic as uric acid
d.
requires less water to excrete
e.
is formed in all animals
 

24. 
Which cell does NOT belong with the others?
a.
erythrocytes
b.
neutrophils
c.
lymphocytes
d.
eosinophils
e.
monocytes
 

25. 
Which white blood cells are most abundant?
a.
neutrophils
b.
lymphocytes
c.
monocytes
d.
eosinophils
e.
basophils
 

26. 
Which cell produces the fibrin used in blood clots?
a.
lymphocytes
b.
basophils
c.
erythrocytes
d.
neutrophils
e.
platelets
 

27. 
Which of the following makes up the greatest percentage of human plasma?
a.
albumin
b.
red blood cells
c.
white blood cells
d.
water
e.
dissolved ions, sugars, hormones, etc.
 

28. 
Blood rich in oxygen is what color?
a.
yellow
b.
pink
c.
bright red
d.
blue
e.
purple
 

29. 
Blood in arteries
a.
always travels away from the heart.
b.
travels away from the heart only if it is oxygen-rich.
c.
always travels toward the heart.
d.
travels from the lungs.
e.
is always oxygen-rich.
 

30. 
The aorta leaves the
a.
left atrium.
b.
right atrium.
c.
left ventricle.
d.
right ventricle.
 

31. 
The first disease for which a successful vaccination was developed was
a.
the plague.
b.
smallpox.
c.
rabies.
d.
chicken pox.
e.
diphtheria.
 

32. 
The word vaccination comes from the Latin word for
a.
germ.
b.
cow.
c.
chicken.
d.
rabbit.
e.
rat.
 

33. 
All but which of the following can be called a pathogen?
a.
virus
b.
bacterium
c.
fungus
d.
cancer
e.
protozoan
 

34. 
All but which of the following types of cells can be called "phagocytes"?
a.
monocytes
b.
erythrocytes
c.
neutrophils
d.
eosinophils
e.
macrophages
 

35. 
Inflammation
a.
leads to the release of histamine, which causes capillaries to become "leaky."
b.
is increased by use of antihistamine drugs.
c.
does not occur during allergic reactions.
d.
is initiated by the buildup of dead cells and bacteria.
e.
is not affected by the action of the complement system.
 

36. 
Which cells are divided into two groups: T cells and B cells?
a.
macrophages
b.
lymphocytes
c.
complement cells
d.
platelets
e.
all of these
 

37. 
Which cells produce antibodies?
a.
helper T
b.
natural killer cells
c.
cytotoxic T
d.
memory
e.
B
 

38. 
Which cells are the longest lasting in the body?
a.
helper T
b.
natural killer cells
c.
cytotoxic T
d.
memory
e.
B
 

39. 
Body cells have self-markers located
a.
in their nuclei.
b.
in the endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
in the mitochondria.
d.
on the plasma membrane.
e.
inside the Golgi bodies.
 

40. 
The markers for each cell in a body are referred to by the letters
a.
MHC.
b.
HTC.
c.
ADS.
d.
RSW.
e.
AKA.
 

41. 
Clones of B or T cells are
a.
being produced continually.
b.
interchangeable.
c.
produced only when their surface proteins recognize specific protein.
d.
known as memory cells.
e.
produced and mature in the bone marrow.
 

42. 
Antibodies are shaped like the letter
a.
C.
b.
E.
c.
H.
d.
K.
e.
Y.
 

43. 
Organ transplants are safest between
a.
two brothers.
b.
father and daughter.
c.
fraternal twins.
d.
identical twins.
e.
nonrelated individuals.
 

44. 
A vaccine contains
a.
killed pathogen.
b.
weakened pathogen.
c.
noninfective fragments of a pathogen.
d.
full-strength pathogen.
e.
all except "full-strength pathogen" may be used
 

45. 
The purpose of a vaccine is to
a.
produce a mild case of the disease.
b.
stimulate the immune response.
c.
cause memory cells to be formed.
d.
stimulate the immune response and cause memory cells to be formed.
e.
produce a mild case of the disease, stimulate the immune response, and cause memory cells to be formed.
 

46. 
Which of the following statements is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction?
a.
Asexual reproduction is more efficient than sexual reproduction.
b.
An individual organism can reproduce asexually by itself.
c.
Asexual reproduction promotes variation.
d.
Asexual reproduction produces fewer offspring than sexual reproduction.
 

47. 
The heart, muscles, bones, and blood develop primarily from
a.
ectoderm.
b.
mesoderm.
c.
endoderm.
d.
the placenta.
e.
the gray crescent.
 

48. 
Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events.
a.
fertilizationbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490000.jpg cleavagebiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490001.jpg gastrulabiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490002.jpg blastula
b.
fertilizationbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490003.jpg cleavagebiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490004.jpg blastulabiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490005.jpg gastrula
c.
fertilizationbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490006.jpg blastulabiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490007.jpg cleavagebiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490008.jpg gastrula
d.
fertilizationbiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490009.jpg gastrulabiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490010.jpg blastulabiol_1407_final_rev_files/i0490011.jpg cleavage
 

49. 
In the human male, several hundred million sperm are produced in the
a.
interstitial cells.
b.
prostate.
c.
seminiferous tubules.
d.
vas deferens.
e.
epididymis.
 

50. 
Seminal fluid is produced by the
a.
prostate gland.
b.
seminal vesicle.
c.
bulbourethral gland.
d.
urinary bladder.
e.
all except "urinary bladder"
 

51. 
Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored?
a.
ureter
b.
urethra
c.
vas deferens
d.
vas efferens
e.
epididymis
 

52. 
Which of the following is part of the urinary system, not the reproductive system?
a.
ureter
b.
urethra
c.
vas deferens
d.
vas efferens
e.
epididymis
 

53. 
All but which of the following hormones are in some way responsible for the production of sperm?
a.
luteinizing hormone
b.
follicle-stimulating hormone
c.
gonadotropic releasing hormone
d.
testosterone
e.
human chorionic gonadotropin
 

54. 
The primary reproductive organ in the human female is the
a.
uterus.
b.
ovary.
c.
vagina.
d.
clitoris.
e.
vulva.
 

55. 
Which of the following statements is false?
a.
A female has more oocytes before she is born than at any time during her life.
b.
Meiosis II will not occur in an oocyte unless it is fertilized.
c.
Fertilization occurs in the vagina.
d.
Implantation occurs in the uterus.
e.
The vagina serves as the birth canal.
 

56. 
The cervix is part of the
a.
vulva.
b.
ovary.
c.
uterus.
d.
oviduct.
e.
vagina.
 

57. 
Which mammals do NOT exhibit seasonal sexual activities?
a.
whales
b.
cats
c.
primates
d.
horses
e.
dogs
 

58. 
In most mammals, a predictably recurring time when the female becomes sexually receptive to the male is called
a.
estrus.
b.
endometrium.
c.
menstruation.
d.
coitus.
e.
parturition.
 

59. 
Animals with a menstrual cycle do NOT
a.
have an estrous cycle.
b.
ovulate spontaneously.
c.
display periods of sexual interest.
d.
produce estrogen.
 

60. 
FSH and LH are secreted by the
a.
hypothalamus.
b.
ovaries.
c.
anterior pituitary.
d.
testes.
e.
uterus.
 

61. 
Ovulation is triggered primarily by
a.
a surge of LH that occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle.
b.
the falling levels of estrogen and progesterone.
c.
the rising levels of progesterone.
d.
both a surge of LH that occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle, and the rising levels of progesterone.
 

62. 
The embryo is recognizable as human and is called a fetus by which week of pregnancy?
a.
eighth
b.
twelfth
c.
sixteenth
d.
twentieth
e.
twenty-fourth
 

63. 
Implantation occurs in the
a.
ovary.
b.
uterus.
c.
vagina.
d.
oviduct.
e.
follicle.
 

64. 
The first several cleavages after fertilization occur in the
a.
uterus.
b.
ovary.
c.
vagina.
d.
oviduct.
e.
any of the above except vagina
 

65. 
Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in the production of infants without arms or legs?
a.
tetracycline
b.
thalidomide
c.
streptomycin
d.
salicylic acid
e.
codeine
 

Matching
 
 
Answer the following questions in reference to the five stages of sperm development listed below:
a.
spermatogonium
b.
secondary spermatocyte
c.
primary spermatocyte
d.
spermatid
e.
sperm
 

66. 
At this stage of development, the male sex cell is first in the haploid condition.
 

67. 
This continues to undergo mitosis throughout the reproductive life of the male.
 

68. 
This represents the product of the first meiotic division.
 

69. 
This is a mitotic product that then undergoes meiosis.
 

70. 
At this stage of development, the male sex cell is fully motile.
 
 
Answer questions 92-96 in reference to the five stages and structures involved in the development of the human egg:
a.
oogonium
b.
primary oocyte
c.
secondary oocyte
d.
polar body
e.
secondary follicle
 

71. 
This structure becomes the mature egg only after fertilization is begun.
 

72. 
This structure contains the first sex cell stage to be in the haploid state.
 

73. 
This structure contains a full haploid set of chromosomes but will never be fertilized.
 

74. 
This structure divides by mitosis during the fetal stages of development until all of the approximately 2 million potential eggs have been formed.
 

75. 
This stage lies dormant between birth and puberty.
 



 
Check Your Work     Reset Help