Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Even though
bacteria can be distinguished with the microscope, differentiation is limited. However,
bacteria have evolved diverse enzymes enabling to them to obtain __ and adapt to various
environmental conditions. Thus, bacteria in __ culture may be differentiated according to size,
shape, color, culture characteristics and metabolic pattern of digestive enzymes. a. | space, mixed | b. | nutrients, pure | | | | |
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2.
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In embarking upon
a microbial study, a source is sampled. What ought the investigator consider? a. | what sample to take | b. | why take that sample | c. | method to obtain the sample | d. | how to process sample | e. | all of these | | |
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3.
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In order to
perceive a microbe macroscopically, a cell must first be: a. | colored | b. | streaked | c. | multiplied | d. | enlarged | e. | sterilized | | |
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4.
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Microbial media is
used for: a. | primary
isolation, | b. | maintain cultures | c. | bacterial identification | d. | transport | e. | all these | | |
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5.
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A fastidious
organism: a. | is a fast
grower | b. | fasts before growing | c. | is a finicky feeder | d. | exhibits quick motility | e. | is acid-fast | | |
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6.
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The pH indicator
dye/s incorporated in selective and differential media: a. | phenol red | b. | crystal violet | c. | neutral red | d. | methylene blue | e. | all of these | | |
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7.
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What physical mode
of microbial control relies on mechanical separation of microbes from some fluid
medium? a. | heat | b. | radiation | c. | ultrasonication | d. | filtration | e. | pasteurization | | |
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8.
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Methods typically
employed to sterilize or __ objects are too harsh for safe application to live tissue. A milder
treatment, for skin cleansing, for example, employs __ to achieve microbial control. a. | disinfect, antiseptics | b. | disintegrate, germicides | | | | |
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9.
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Walled bacteria
are shielded from __ lysis; any agent that weaken or prevents the synthesis of __ jeopardizes
survival. a. | hypertonic,
cellulose | b. | hypotonic , peptidoglycan | | | | |
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10.
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In order to kill
bacterial endospores at 121° C, dry heat requires about __ times longer exposure than moist
heat.
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11.
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Pasteurization is
also used to disinfect beer, wine, fruit juices or __ during preparation. Milk can be
sterilized by __ temperature of 134°C for 1-2 seconds. a. | blood, dry | b. | beverages, ultrahigh | | | | |
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12.
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Boiling water
before drinking is a practical precaution after a flood or some disruption that jeopardizes drinking
water supplies. Susceptible enterics, the typhoid and __ bacilli which do not form __ or cysts,
can thus be killed. a. | cholera, spores | b. | Giardia, trophozoites | | | | |
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13.
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The most potent
form of radiant energy for microbial control is/are: a. | gamma radiation | b. | ultraviolet radiation | c. | infrared rays | d. | radio waves | e. | colored (visible) light | | |
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14.
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All of the
following are halogens except: a. | methionine | b. | chlorine | c. | fluorine | d. | iodine | e. | bromine | | |
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15.
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Phenol, an __
compound also called phenolic acid, is an extract of coal tar, a product of petroleum
distillation. Though __ and poisonous, phenol gained historical significance by the pioneering
efforts of __ in surgical antisepsis. It remains one of the standards in the evaluation of
certain disinfectants. a. | obsolete, carcinogenic, Koch | b. | aromatic, acrid, Lister | | | | |
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16.
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Hydrogen peroxide,
H2O2, is an unstable __ that decomposes readily in __ and metallic
contact. It is used in the __ test to differentiate bacteria, breaking down into H2O
and O2 bubbles. a. | oxidant, light, catalase | b. | halogen, air, aerobic | | | | |
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17.
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Bacterial death
will result from damage to which of the following structures? a. | cell wall | b. | plasma membrane | c. | proteins | d. | nucleic acids | e. | all of the above | | |
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18.
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In redox
reactions, the substrate that loses electrons is __ and the substrate that accepts electrons is
__. a. | reduced, oxidized | b. | oxidized, reduced | | | | |
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19.
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Which of the
following compounds has the greatest amount of POTENTIAL energy? a. | CO2 | b. | ATP | c. | Glucose | d. | ADP | e. | Steric acid (a fatty acid) | | |
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20.
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A compound that is
being REDUCED in a chemical reaction is the one that: a. | has lost hydrogen. | b. | has gained hydrogen. | c. | has gained oxygen. | d. | has gained phosphate. | e. | has lost phosphate. | | |
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21.
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Although enzymes
are reusable, eventually they wear out and lose function. Hence chronic __ deficiency results
in the depletion of __ and downstream metabolism suffers unless an alternative pathway
compensates. a. | cofactor,
coenzymes | b. | coenzyme, cofactors | c. | metal, substrates | d. | vitamin, coenzymes | e. | all of these | | |
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22.
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Which of the
following is not true of NAD or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide? a. | is an apoenzyme component | b. | deletes electrons, protons | c. | final electron acceptor | d. | undergoes redox reactions | e. | is from niacin, nicotinic acid | | |
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23.
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Phosphate groups
manifest all these properties except: a. | PO4- is a large entity | b. | one PO4- group repels the
other | c. | fructose di-PO4- yields or splits under
strain | d. | PO4- highly electropositive | e. | strains from bulk &
repulsion | | |
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24.
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Each NADH +
H+ can generate ____________ ATP during oxidative phosphorylation:
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25.
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The net equation
for aerobic respiration is: a. | C6H12O6 + 602 ® 6CO2 +
6H2O | c. | C6H12O6 ®
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 | b. | 6CO2 + 6H2O ®
C6H12O6 + 602 | d. | 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 ®
C6H12O6 | | | | |
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