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BIOL 2421 Biological Molecules Review

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The three most common atoms in the human body are
a.
hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
b.
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
c.
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
d.
nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.
e.
carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.
 

 2. 
A single carbon atom may form as many as ____ covalent bonds with other atoms.
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
e.
6
 

 3. 
Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not considered an "organic" compound because
a.
it is not found in the earth's crust.
b.
it is not present in living cells.
c.
the carbon atom is not bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
d.
the carbons are not in chains or rings.
e.
it is too small.
 

 4. 
The backbone of organic molecules consists of covalently bonded ____ atoms.
a.
oxygen
b.
hydrogen
c.
functional-group
d.
carbon
e.
all of these
 

 5. 
An --OH group is a(n) ____ group.
a.
carboxyl
b.
hydroxyl
c.
amino
d.
methyl
e.
carbonyl
 

 6. 
A --CH3 group is a(n) ____ group.
a.
carboxyl
b.
hydroxyl
c.
amino
d.
methyl
e.
carbonyl
 

 7. 
An --NH2 group is a(n) ____ group.
a.
carboxyl
b.
hydroxyl
c.
amino
d.
methyl
e.
carbonyl
 

 8. 
A --COOH group is a(n) ____ group.
a.
carboxyl
b.
hydroxyl
c.
amino
d.
methyl
e.
carbonyl
 

 9. 
The figure below illustrates a ____ reaction that produces two ____ and a ____.

mc009-1.jpg
a.
condensation; hydroxyls; polymer
b.
condensation; water molecules; polymer
c.
cleavage; water molecules; monomer
d.
rearrangement; water molecules; polymer
e.
rearrangement; hydrogen ions; polymer
 

 10. 
Which of the following is NOT a polymer?
a.
starch
b.
nucleic acid
c.
triglyceride
d.
protein
e.
polysaccharide
 

 11. 
Which is a monomer of carbohydrates?
a.
glycogen
b.
nucleotide
c.
glycerol
d.
peptide
e.
monosaccharide
 

 12. 
Which substance is the most common in cells?
a.
carbohydrates
b.
salts and minerals
c.
proteins
d.
fats
e.
nucleic acids
 

 13. 
A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called
a.
polymers.
b.
isomers.
c.
monomers.
d.
isotopes.
e.
dimers.
 

 14. 
Which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?
a.
carbohydrate
b.
protein
c.
lipid
d.
nucleic acid
e.
steroid
 

 15. 
Fructose and glucose are
a.
hexoses.
b.
structurally different.
c.
monosaccharides.
d.
simple sugars.
e.
all of these
 

 16. 
Cellulose is
a.
a polysaccharide found in cell walls.
b.
a component of cell membranes.
c.
an oligosaccharide.
d.
formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides.
e.
a component of invertebrate exoskeletons.
 

 17. 
Which of these components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?
a.
sugar (in the dressing)
b.
oil (lipid)
c.
starch (in the croutons)
d.
cellulose (lettuce leaves)
e.
protein (in bacon bits)
 

 18. 
Oils are
a.
liquid at room temperatures.
b.
unsaturated fats.
c.
found only in animals.
d.
complex carbohydrates.
e.
both liquid at room temperature and unsaturated fats.
 

 19. 
The dotted areas in the figure below indicate where ____ reactions will occur to produce ____ and ____.

mc019-1.jpg
a.
condensation; covalent bonds; hydroxyl ions.
b.
electron transfer; covalent bonds; water molecules.
c.
condensation; covalent bonds; water molecules.
d.
cleavage; covalent bonds; hydrogen ions.
e.
condensation; ionic bonds; hydrogen ions.
 

 20. 
Cholesterol is
a.
synthesized in the large intestine.
b.
remodeled into vitamin A.
c.
used in the construction of cell membranes.
d.
a component of plant cell walls.
e.
all of these
 

 21. 
Primary protein structure is formed by
a.
hydrophobic interactions.
b.
hydrogen bonds.
c.
bonds between amino acids.
d.
covalent linkages between carbon and oxygen.
e.
all of these
 

 22. 
Proteins may function as
a.
structural units.
b.
hormones.
c.
storage molecules.
d.
transport molecules.
e.
all of these
 

 23. 
Amino acids are the building blocks for
a.
proteins.
b.
carbohydrates.
c.
lipids.
d.
nucleic acids.
e.
most macromolecules.
 

 24. 
Nucleotides are the building blocks for
a.
proteins.
b.
steroids.
c.
lipids.
d.
ATP, NAD+, and FAD.
e.
carbohydrates.
 

 25. 
The figure below illustrates a(n)

mc025-1.jpg
a.
FAD coenzyme.
b.
cytosine nucleotide.
c.
thymine nucleotide.
d.
ATP molecule.
e.
adenine nucleotide.
 



 
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